Nucleolin (NUC), the multifunctional nucleolar protein found in all eukaryotes, is involved in RNA metabolism, mRNA stability and ribosome biogenesis process. The recent study in Arabidopsis showed that AtNUC has functions in plant growth and development. The transgenic Arabidopsis, with rice Nucleolin1 (OsNUC1) over-expression, revealed the effects of NUC abscisic acid response, leading to the role of NUC in salt stress adaptation. The transgenic Arabidopsis was hypersensitive to ABA during seed germination. Based on thetranscriptome analysis, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), encoding the key enzyme in ABA biosynthesis, was dramatically up-regulated in transgenic Arabidopsis up to 22 folds after treated with 100 mM NaCl for 48 hours, suggesting that OsNUC1 may increase the salt-tolerant ability via the increase of ABA biosynthesis gene expression leading to the induction of ABA responsive gene expression. Transcriptome analysis also detected the increase of the ABA inducible gene expression in transgenic Arabidopsis grown in salt condition, supporting the role of OsNUC1 gene in salt adaptation.